Artificial intelligence (AI) and its subsets of machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) play a major role in data science. Data science is a comprehensive process that includes pre-processing, analysis, visualization, and forecasting. Let’s dive into AI and its subsets.
artificial intelligence (AI) It is the branch of computer science concerned with building intelligent machines capable of performing tasks that would normally require human intelligence. Artificial intelligence is mainly divided into three categories as follows
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narrow artificial intelligence (ANI)
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artificial general intelligence (AGI)
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Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI).
Narrow AI is sometimes referred to as “weak AI,” and it performs a single task in a certain way at its best. For example, an automated coffee machine that performs a well-defined series of actions to make coffee steals. Whereas AI, also referred to as “strong AI” performs a wide range of tasks involving reasoning and reasoning like a human. Examples include Google Assist, Alexa, and Chatbots that use Natural Language Processing (NPL). Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI) is the advanced version that surpasses human capabilities. Can perform creative activities such as art, decision-making, and romantic relationships.
Now let’s take a look at machine learning (ML). It is a subset of artificial intelligence that includes modeling algorithms that help make predictions based on recognizing patterns and complex data sets. Machine learning focuses on enabling algorithms to learn from provided data, gather insights and predict data that has not been previously analyzed using the information collected. Different methods of machine learning
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Supervised Learning (Weak AI – Paid Tasks)
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Unsupervised Learning (Powerful AI – Data Driven)
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Semi Supervised Learning (Powerful AI – Cost Effective)
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Augmented machine learning. (Strong AI – learn from mistakes)
Supervised machine learning uses historical data to understand behavior and formulate future predictions. Here the system consists of a specific data set. It is marked with parameters for input and output. And with the new data comes the ML algorithm to analyze the new data and give the exact output based on the fixed parameters. Supervised learning can perform classification or regression tasks. Examples of classification tasks are image classification, face recognition, spam classification, fraud detection identification, etc., and for regression tasks are weather forecasting, population growth prediction, etc.
Unsupervised machine learning does not use any labeled or labeled parameters. It focuses on discovering hidden structures from unlabeled data to help systems correctly infer a function. They use techniques such as bundling or dimension reduction. Clustering involves grouping data points of similar scale. Data driven and some examples of aggregation are user Netflix movie recommendation, customer segmentation, buying habits, etc. Some examples of dimensionality reduction are feature extrapolation, and big data visualization.
Semi-supervised machine learning works by using both labeled and unlabeled data to improve learning accuracy. Semi-supervised learning can be a cost-effective solution when data classification is costly.
Reinforcement learning is somewhat different when compared to supervised and unsupervised learning. It can be defined as the process of trial and error in providing results in the end. It is achieved through the principle of iterative improvement cycle (to learn from past mistakes). Reinforcement learning has also been used to teach agents to drive themselves in simulated environments. Q-Learning is an example of reinforcement learning algorithms.
proceed to deep learning (DL), It is a subset of machine learning where you build algorithms that follow a layered structure. DL uses multiple layers to gradually extract higher-level features from the raw input. For example, in image processing, the lower layers might define edges, while the upper layers might define human-related concepts such as numbers, letters, or faces. DL is generally referred to as a deep artificial neural network and these are the collections of algorithms that are very accurate for problems like voice recognition, image recognition, natural language processing, etc.
To summarize, data science covers artificial intelligence, which includes machine learning. However, machine learning itself covers another sub-technology, which is deep learning. Thanks to artificial intelligence, it is able to solve the toughest and most difficult problems (such as detecting cancer better than oncologists) better than humans.